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Continental Art Mid Century Oriental Asian Style Chalkware Lamp

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Chalkware is an American term for popular figurines either made of moulded plaster of Paris (usually) or sculpted gypsum, and painted, typically with oils or watercolors.[one] [2] They were primarily created during i of three periods: from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, during the Great Low, and during the 'mid-century modern' era as decorative lamps, figurines and wall decor from the 1940s-1960s. Those created during the earlier flow were intended as a more serious decorative fine art, often imitating the more expensive imported English Staffordshire potteries figurines such as Staffordshire dog figurines; those during the second period, by contrast, were more than typically somewhat jocular. Early chalkware was often hollow and is difficult to observe unblemished.

Heavy, and easy to pause or chip, chalkware eventually lost favor to ceramic and plastic alternatives in the 1970s. Remaining pieces of MCM (and earlier) chalkware tin can exist easily institute today with more exotic or rare examples fetching hundreds or thousands of dollars by collectors on auction sites and other dealers.

Carnival chalk [edit]

"Funfair chalk" refers to chalkware figures given out equally carnival game prizes during the first half of the 20th century, especially during World War II. They were later replaced by stuffed animals.

Mid-century modern (MCM) era [edit]

Chalkware flourished during the mid-century modern era (1945-1965) as an cheap and expressive medium for the home, serving many types of taste and types of decorative demand with table lamps, figurines, wall decor and tourist memorabilia. Attracting fine, mundane and comic artists, chalkware reached a wide audition during the MCM era providing everything from representations of European sculpture, to kitsch images of exotic travel, cartoonish characters and potty sense of humor.

Figurines [edit]

Early figurines fabricated in the Britain effectually 1955 were eggcups, for property matches[three] or as ashtrays. The earliest designers being Paoli Brothers and Hermann Lohnberg. Fashions changed into 1956 with a move to animals.[4] By 1957, figurines and statues of african-style ladies and gentlemen were very ascendant. A view of all the examples found at the National Athenaeum records can be seen on the Chalkware Gallery site

Lamps [edit]

MCM chalkware lamps were often romantic and exotic with a focus on the idealized dazzler of historic, natural, and abstract designs. Common motifs were dancers (often sold every bit a male and female pair), innocent or sensual figures, trees, flowers, animals, zig-zags, waves and mod abstruse sculpture typical of the menstruum. One of the most popular motifs were of romanticized, stereotyped Asian, African, Native American, Hawaiian people in exotic (at times inaccurate) settings or costume. Depression lighting was sometimes included in the lamp design with small nightlight bulbs. Television receiver lamps, based upon popular chalkware radio lamp designs, apace became replaced by ceramic.

An effort to thwart competitors from copying their highly successful male/female paired chalkware lamps and statuettes was taken all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court by Benjamin and Rena Stein of Reglor of California in 1953.[v] They won a technical victory that did not ultimately cease copying.[6]

Wall decor [edit]

Wall decor chalkware included bathroom motifs like fish or mermaids, kitchen motifs like fruit, and 'wall pockets' that frequently were faces with small areas in the back suitable for air plants or plastic flowers.

In the United Kingdom, during the 1950s and 1960s, wall plaques were made of ladies faces by a number of designers, including Salvatore Melani, the Lohnberg brothers (under the Duron brand name), Paoli Brothers and Bacci & Bacci

Memorabilia [edit]

Tourist memorabilia included ashtrays, figures, bobble-heads and destination-specific representations.

Ad [edit]

Companies such as the Universal Statuary Corp of Chicago made point-of-sale chalkware figures as well.[7]

Product houses [edit]

Popular American MCM chalkware companies whose work can be found traded today include Continental Art Company (Chicago),[8] [ix] Alexander Baker Company or 'ABCO' (New York),[10] Fine Arts In Plastics or F.A.I.P (Brooklyn),[11] Jo Wallis Lamp Company, Miller Studios, [12] [v] Reglor (Montebello, California) [13] [6] Universal Statuary Corp.[7] (Chicago), and Vaillancourt Folk Fine art (Massachusetts).[fourteen]

Several chalkware companies also existed in the Uk, where they registered their designs at the National Archives[15] in Kew, London, England. The Board of Trade records[16] are set out in two main sections: The Board of Merchandise Records of the Patent Function Design Registers (records starting BT 53[17]) and the Non-Textile Designs Representations (records starting BT 52[18]).

Designs in Great U.k. in the 1950s and 1960s were registered under the Registered Designs Human activity, 1949[19] (withal current constabulary as at November 2021). Each registered design is recorded in a lever arch folder with sequent registration numbers and can be accessed at the National Archives in Kew, London. Each entry[20] contains a registered blueprint number, the date when the design was registered, the date the certificate was issued, cursory article clarification (typically "a mantel ornament") and the proper name & address of the proprietor. Some designers also included a dissever service address.[21] Copyright typically expired on these pieces after five years, with some records showing an extension to 10 years.

A number of designers chose to include the registration number on the figurine, typically at the back, with a small number of designers also including an internal product number. The registration number tin therefore be looked up in the Board of Merchandise BT 53 records and use the BT 52 blueprint representation images to confirm the correct figurine has been identified.

With this knowledge it is possible to compile the following main list of designers;

  • Felice and Alfredo Bacci - 73, Campsite Street, Salford vii, Lancashire
  • Bruno Besagni - Holborn, England
  • Elia and Milo Brunicardi (with Lino Maini) - 158 Copenhagen Street, Islington, London N1
  • Egisto Carli - Pancras area, London
  • Marcella Jackson, Renato Migliorini, Daniele Magi and Vasco Licci, trading as Thou. Jackson &amp Co - 66, Rigby Street, Salford, seven, Lancaster
  • Max (born 1880 - died 1958[22]) and Herbert Hermann Louis Lohnberg - 2, Ronalds Road, Holloway Road, London N5
  • Lorenzo and Leo Menesini - 21 Pickering Street, London N1
  • Diomede and Nicolao Nieri trading as D. Northward. Art Products - 26 and 28 Trafford Street, Hulme, Manchester 15, Lancashire
  • Leo Pagliai - Great Sutton Street, London
  • Alfredo and Giovanni Paoli - 125-127 East Route, London N1
  • Guido Quattromini, Umberto Berti and Gino Berti trading as F. and B. Sales - 127 Caledonian Road, London N1

See also [edit]

  • Ceramic forming techniques
  • Kewpie doll
  • Vaillancourt Chalkware
  • Universal Statuary Corp.

References [edit]

  1. ^ "The Original Chalkware Studios in Sutton, Massachusetts".
  2. ^ Grove Dictionary of Art, "Chalkware"
  3. ^ Chalkware Gallery Research Site https://chalkware.gallery/2019/09/xxx/match-holder-by-lohnberg-reg-877847/
  4. ^ Example past Paoli taken from National Archives in London, https://chalkware.gallery/2019/10/sixteen/squirrel-mirror-by-paoli-reg-880609/
  5. ^ a b "Mazer v. Stein, 347 U.Southward. 201, 74 Southward. Ct. 460, 98 Fifty. Ed. second 630, 1954 U.S. LEXIS 2679 –". Courtlistener.com. Retrieved 2018-05-02 .
  6. ^ a b "Questions and Answers". www.harryrinker.com.
  7. ^ a b "eBay Buying Guides". www.ebay.com.
  8. ^ "Continental Art Visitor 1967 Floor Lamp - Collectors Weekly". www.collectorsweekly.com.
  9. ^ "Continental Art Lamps - Marfa Lights & Lamps". marfalightsandlamps.com.
  10. ^ site., Who made this. "Project Proper name". www.simplydecorous.com.
  11. ^ "F.A.I.P. Lamps - Marfa Lights & Lamps". marfalightsandlamps.com.
  12. ^ "MSI | Miller Studio Inc". world wide web.miller-studio.com.
  13. ^ "Reglor Lamps - Marfa Lights & Lamps". marfalightsandlamps.com.
  14. ^ STAFF, Donna Boynton TELEGRAM & GAZETTE. "Reluctant honor looms for folk art shop". telegram.com.
  15. ^ The National Archives https://www.nationalarchives.gov.u.k./
  16. ^ National Archives search facility, https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.u.k./details/r/C6117982
  17. ^ National Archives Discovery search for Patents, Designs and Trade Marks Function https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C3096
  18. ^ National Athenaeum Discovery search for Patents, Designs and Merchandise Marks Office https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/C89347
  19. ^ "Registered Designs Deed and Rules".
  20. ^ Board Of Trade record entry https://chalkware.gallery/2017/08/21/lady-figurine-by-paoli-reg-891802/
  21. ^ Wilson, Gunn & Ellis https://www.wilsongunn.com/history/timeline.html
  22. ^ Ancestry.com Balloter Annals records https://world wide web.ancestry.co.uk/search/categories/cen_1950/?name=Max_Lohnberg&gender=m&name_x=_1

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalkware

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